Expert walkthroughs
How to calculate...
The How to Calculate library collects narrative guides for recurring questions that surface across finance, science, and everyday analytics. Each article breaks a calculation down into digestible steps, highlights the reasoning behind the formulas, and points you toward CalcSimpler tools that automate the busywork.
Start with the essentials below and check back frequently—new explainers will expand this space into a complete go-to reference for the workflows you use most.
Article finder
Search the How to Calculate library
Use keywords or filter by topic to jump straight to the walkthrough that matches your challenge. The list below updates instantly.
Featured guide
Latest calculation walkthroughs
We blend context, formulas, and step-by-step workflows so you understand the logic before automating the computation.
How to Calculate EV Managed Charging Savings
Combine shifted energy, TOU rates, and demand charge reductions to quantify monthly managed charging savings with audit-ready steps.
Space traffic management analyticsHow to Calculate Satellite Collision Avoidance Delta-v
Translate conjunction counts, per-burn magnitudes, and propulsion performance into monthly avoidance delta-v and propellant budgets.
Advanced composites quality controlHow to Calculate Carbon Fiber Prepreg Out-Time Utilization
Sum ambient exposures against allowable out-time to keep prepreg cure behaviour within specification and avoid scrap.
Hydrogen safety engineeringHow to Calculate Hydrogen Refueling Ventilation Airflow
Convert hydrogen leak scenarios, enclosure volumes, and safety thresholds into required ventilation flow and air-change rates.
Agrivoltaic performance analyticsHow to Calculate Agrivoltaic Land Equivalent Ratio
Benchmark agrivoltaic PV and crop yields against monoculture references to determine land equivalent ratio and headroom.
Space power beaming analyticsHow to Calculate Space-Based Solar Rectenna AC Capacity
Translate orbital transmitter power, transmission efficiency, and rectenna conversion into alternating-current capacity delivered to the grid, including dispatch availability.
Maritime decarbonization analyticsHow to Calculate Green Ammonia Bunkering Energy Intensity
Combine pumping and conditioning loads with grid emission factors to quantify berth-side energy use and emissions per tonne of green ammonia transferred.
Advanced nuclear grid analyticsHow to Calculate Small Modular Reactor Capacity Credit
Apply forced outage, maintenance, and temperature derates to SMR nameplate capacity to determine accredited megawatts for resource adequacy planning.
Critical minerals process analyticsHow to Calculate Geothermal Lithium Brine Recovery Yield
Turn brine flow, lithium assays, recovery efficiency, and uptime into daily lithium carbonate equivalent output with transparent mass-balance steps.
Quantum communications reliabilityHow to Calculate Quantum Key Distribution Link Margin
Use launch power, optical loss, detector sensitivity, and implementation penalties to compute received power and link margin for QKD systems.
Fleet electrification economicsHow to Calculate EV Fleet Demand Charge Exposure
Turn utility peaks, tariff demand rates, and mitigation costs into baseline, managed, and net demand charge outcomes for depot electrification.
Anaerobic digestion performanceHow to Calculate Biogas Methane Recovery Rate
Translate biogas flow, methane composition, capture efficiency, and uptime into delivered biomethane energy with audit-ready steps.
Wind operations analyticsHow to Calculate Availability-Adjusted Wind Capacity Factor
Normalize capacity factor for availability and curtailment to isolate wind resource quality while estimating annual energy production.
AI deployment governanceHow to Calculate AI Shadow Deployment Readiness
Blend offline evaluation coverage, guardrails, monitoring latency, and rollback speed into a readiness score for shadow launches.
Cold chain assuranceHow to Calculate a Cold Chain Parcel Thermal Budget
Estimate parcel heat gain from UA, ambient deltas, hold time, and coolant capacity to determine shipping temperature margin.
Grid stability engineeringHow to Calculate Grid-Forming Inverter Virtual Inertia
Turn converter rating, inertia constant, and target frequency events into virtual inertia headroom and expected active power response.
Data governance analyticsHow to Calculate Data Residency Coverage
Measure the percentage of production data flows anchored in approved regions, factoring exemptions and enforcement strength into a single score.
Search performance analyticsHow to Calculate Programmatic SEO Cannibalization Risk
Blend keyword overlap, ranking spread, and navigational share to score cannibalization risk across large template-driven SEO portfolios.
Carbon removal process analyticsHow to Calculate DAC Waste-Heat Utilisation
Combine available waste heat, delivery efficiency, and auxiliary penalties to determine how much of a DAC plant's thermal load can be covered.
Space communications analyticsHow to Calculate Satellite Ground Station Contact Probability
Estimate daily downlink assurance by combining pass counts, per-pass success, and weather or maintenance downtime factors.
Digital productivity analyticsHow to Calculate WPM to CPM Conversion
Translate words-per-minute results into characters per minute with accuracy factors, unit definitions, and embedded bidirectional calculators.
Autonomous logistics operations analyticsHow to Calculate Drone Delivery Battery Swap Throughput
Estimate hourly and daily swap capacity for autonomous drone delivery hubs by combining cycle times, station availability, and uptime.
Carbon management performance analyticsHow to Calculate Carbon Capture Mineralization Capacity Factor
Convert throughput, uptime, and purity penalties into a defensible capacity factor for carbon mineralization facilities delivering removal credits.
Bioprocess scale-up analyticsHow to Calculate Synthetic Biology Tech Transfer Readiness
Score documentation, reproducibility, deviation closure, and training coverage to decide whether a synthetic biology process can hand over successfully.
Data center energy reliability analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Renewable Firming Storage
Translate critical load, renewable availability, and efficiency assumptions into energy storage requirements for 24/7 clean power commitments.
Autonomous freight efficiency analyticsHow to Calculate Autonomous Truck Platoon Fuel Savings
Blend solo fuel baselines with platoon drag-reduction factors to quantify diesel and cost savings for connected freight convoys.
Hydrogen asset lifecycle analyticsHow to Calculate Hydrogen Electrolyzer Start-Stop Degradation Cost
Translate stack cycling telemetry into per-start and annual degradation cost with validation guidance for hydrogen operators.
Data center thermal analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Liquid Cooling PUE Impact
Compare baseline and post-conversion support loads to quantify PUE improvement and annual energy savings for liquid cooling retrofits.
Earth observation mission analyticsHow to Calculate SAR Tasking Priority Score
Blend urgency, footprint, and feasibility factors into a dimensionless score that orders synthetic aperture radar task queues.
AI deployment governance analyticsHow to Calculate AI Feature Flag Risk Budget
Estimate expected incidents, severity-weighted risk, and remaining budget for AI feature flags before expanding exposure.
Climate venture finance analyticsHow to Calculate Climate Tech Venture Debt Drawdown Schedule
Plan equal tranches, utilisation fees, and commitment timelines for climate tech venture debt facilities.
Circular economy compliance analyticsHow to Calculate Recycled Plastic Credit Issuance
Convert audited recycled mass into programme credits after contamination deductions and buffer holdbacks.
Space logistics mission planningHow to Calculate Space Tug Delta-v Budget
Sum manoeuvre segments, apply contingency, and size propellant for orbital servicing space tug missions.
Retrieval-augmented generation operationsHow to Calculate RAG Latency Budget
Allocate SLA latency across retrieval, generation, and post-processing to keep RAG pipelines responsive.
Offshore structural reliability analyticsHow to Calculate Offshore Monopile Fatigue Reserve
Screen residual fatigue margin and inspection cadence when extending offshore wind monopiles beyond design life.
Battery compliance analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Passport Traceability Score
Blend supplier coverage, serialization depth, and audit performance into a traceability score with penalty controls.
Offshore grid operations analyticsHow to Calculate Offshore Wind Cable Thermal Headroom
Rescale export cable ampacity for site-specific seabed resistivity, quantify thermal headroom, and document mitigation thresholds for offshore wind arrays.
Space communications analyticsHow to Calculate Satellite Laser Interlink Availability Margin
Combine transmit power, telescope gain, optical path loss, and fade allowances to compute inter-satellite laser link availability headroom.
Low-carbon construction analyticsHow to Calculate Carbon-Negative Concrete Binder Ratio
Solve for supplementary cementitious material fractions that achieve carbon-negative cradle-to-gate footprints with mineralisation credits.
AI governance analyticsHow to Calculate AI Policy Drift Early Warning Index
Blend violation rates, severity weighting, and embedding drift signals into a dimensionless index that flags emerging AI policy risk.
Thermal energy storage analyticsHow to Calculate Thermal Battery State of Charge
Translate temperature telemetry and loss accounting into state of charge, deliverable energy, and headroom for sensible thermal batteries.
Privacy-preserving machine learning analyticsHow to Calculate Federated Learning Privacy Budget
Blend participation rates, noise multipliers, and training rounds into a defensible ε, δ pair for cross-device federated learning programmes.
Electrofuels systems analysisHow to Calculate Power-to-Liquid E-Fuel EROI
Convert electricity, thermal utilities, and CO₂ capture energy into an energy-return-on-investment ratio for synthetic fuel projects.
Digital asset treasury analyticsHow to Calculate Stablecoin Reserve Yield Cushion
Translate reserve yields, distributions, expenses, and stress allowances into a solvency cushion expressed in dollars and basis points.
Data center sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center 24/7 Renewable Matching Score
Align hourly load, renewable supply, and storage dispatch to quantify 24/7 matching performance, residual shortfall, and surplus energy.
Hydrogen compliance analyticsHow to Calculate Clean Hydrogen 45V Carbon Intensity
Translate electricity use, emission factors, and process losses into Section 45V carbon intensity metrics and incentive tier insights.
Carbon removal financeHow to Calculate Carbon Removal Offtake Delivery Reserve
Convert contract volumes, penalties, and replacement plans into a cash reserve that shields carbon removal buyers from delivery risk.
mRNA biomanufacturing analyticsHow to Calculate mRNA Vaccine Batch Yield
Translate plasmid charge, IVT efficiency, and downstream recoveries into purified mRNA mass and dose equivalents with audit-ready controls.
Bioprocess performance analyticsHow to Calculate Bioreactor Space-Time Yield
Combine working volume, titers, and process duration to benchmark bioreactor space-time yield, throughput, and downtime impacts.
Quantum readiness analyticsHow to Calculate Quantum Circuit Error Budget
Blend gate counts with ppm infidelities and measurement noise to compute quantum circuit success probability and expected error events.
Fuel cell lifecycle financeHow to Calculate Fuel Cell Stack Replacement Reserve
Turn stack cost, replacement interval, and reserve yield into annual sinking-fund contributions that keep fuel cell cash flows on track.
Water treatment compliance analyticsHow to Calculate PFAS Ion Exchange Breakthrough Time
Combine resin capacity, influent PFAS concentration, and service flow to predict breakthrough timing and plan compliant change-outs.
AI operations analyticsHow to Calculate AI Agent Escalation Coverage Ratio
Blend automation performance with analyst capacity to quantify escalation coverage, backlog risk, and staffing needs for AI operations.
Energy storage lifecycle financeHow to Calculate Grid Battery Decommissioning Provision
Build a present-value decommissioning reserve for grid batteries by combining dismantling costs, recycling credits, inflation, and treasury discount rates.
AI safety operations analyticsHow to Calculate AI Safety Incident Response Coverage
Translate incident volumes, analyst hours, automation deflection, and service-level targets into a defensible AI safety response coverage ratio.
Aviation compliance analyticsHow to Calculate Sustainable Aviation Fuel Mandate Exposure
Quantify incremental SAF tonnes, premium costs, and carbon credit offsets required to satisfy emerging blending mandates.
Data center thermal engineeringHow to Calculate Immersion Cooling Heat Rejection
Convert immersion loop flow, coolant properties, and exchanger effectiveness into kilowatts of heat rejection with governance checkpoints.
Inflation Reduction Act financeHow to Calculate IRA Domestic Content Bonus Share
Measure domestic content share from procurement ledgers and quantify the Inflation Reduction Act bonus credit with audit-ready controls.
Carbon storage engineeringHow to Calculate CO2 Injection Well Deliverability
Translate injectivity tests, pressure windows, and safety margins into CO₂ injection deliverability supported by continuous monitoring guidance.
AI evaluation analyticsHow to Calculate LLM Fine-Tuning Validation Sample Size
Use binomial proportion math to size LLM validation prompts with margin of error, confidence, and finite-population correction guidance.
Hydrogen operations analyticsHow to Calculate Hydrogen Pipeline Odorant Injection
Convert hydrogen flow, odorant density, and uptime assumptions into g/h and L/h dosing setpoints ready for commissioning.
Heat pump performance analyticsHow to Calculate Heat Pump Defrost Energy Penalty
Translate defrost telemetry into daily kWh penalties, compare them with heating loads, and surface mitigation opportunities with an embedded calculator.
Space communications analysisHow to Calculate Satellite Downlink Budget Margin
Combine EIRP, propagation losses, receiver G/T, and waveform requirements to quantify satellite downlink Eb/N0 margin with an embedded calculator.
Microgrid resilience planningHow to Calculate Microgrid Black Start Fuel Autonomy
Translate fuel inventory, generator consumption, reserve margins, and unusable allowances into auditable black start autonomy hours.
Battery value-chain analyticsHow to Calculate EV Battery Second-Life Residual Value
Blend state-of-health measurements, salvage yields, market pricing, and repurposing costs to determine second-life battery residual value with an embedded calculator.
Cryogenic hydrogen storage analyticsHow to Calculate Cryogenic Hydrogen Boil-Off Rate
Translate insulation heat leak, parasitic loads, and latent heat into daily hydrogen boil-off and percent-of-inventory losses, with validation guidance and an embedded calculator.
Direct air capture operationsHow to Calculate Direct Air Capture Solvent Replacement Rate
Combine solvent inventory, degradation per cycle, regeneration cadence, and handling losses to express daily make-up and kg per tonne CO₂ with an embedded calculator.
Electrolyzer lifecycle financeHow to Calculate Electrolyzer Stack Replacement Reserve
Blend replacement cost, interval, reserve yield, inflation, and production forecasts to size annual reserve contributions and per-kg surcharges with an embedded calculator.
AI assurance analyticsHow to Calculate Generative AI Red Team Coverage
Quantify misuse catalog coverage, backlog, and cadence for generative AI red teaming programmes with an embedded calculator.
Hydrogen infrastructure analyticsHow to Calculate Hydrogen Refueling Station Throughput
Combine dispenser availability, fill durations, and operating windows to estimate hydrogen station kilograms per day and vehicle throughput.
Carbon disclosure assuranceHow to Calculate Carbon Accounting Materiality Threshold
Blend Scope 1–3 totals with percentage, absolute, and coverage rules to set audit-ready carbon accounting materiality thresholds.
E-fuels techno-economicsHow to Calculate E-Methanol Production Cost
Assemble electricity, CO₂ feedstock, O&M, and capital recovery assumptions into a transparent levelized cost for e-methanol projects with an embedded calculator.
Machine learning data operationsHow to Calculate Feature Store Freshness Half-Life
Translate freshness compliance telemetry into decay constants, half-life metrics, and refresh cadences for enterprise feature stores, supported by an embedded calculator.
Hydrogen deployment analyticsHow to Calculate Hydrogen Blend Emissions Intensity
Weight hydrogen and natural gas lifecycle factors to quantify blended emissions intensity, policy-grade reductions, and surcharge impacts with an embedded calculator.
Generative AI knowledge operationsHow to Calculate RAG Knowledge Half-Life
Translate freshness audits into decay constants, half-life metrics, and refresh cadences for retrieval-augmented generation knowledge bases.
Sustainable commerce analyticsHow to Calculate Carbon-Neutral Shipping Cost
Combine shipment volumes, tonne-kilometre emission factors, operational reductions, and credit prices to budget carbon-neutral shipping programs.
Grid capacity planning analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Storage Capacity Accreditation
Apply duration, availability, and seasonal derates to convert battery nameplate power into accredited megawatts for capacity market filings.
Data center renewable risk analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Renewable Curtailment Risk
Quantify time-matched renewable supply, curtailment exposure, and storage mitigation so contracted MWh can be tied to facility load with confidence.
Retail media analyticsHow to Calculate Retail Media Incremental ROAS
Blend baselines, incrementality studies, and contribution margins to express incremental revenue, ROAS, and profit for retail media campaigns.
Advanced aviation analyticsHow to Calculate eVTOL Reserve Energy Margin
Compare mission, reserve, and contingency energy needs against usable battery capacity to validate electric VTOL dispatch readiness.
Battery lifecycle planningHow to Calculate Battery Augmentation Schedule
Model degradation-driven capacity losses, determine augmentation timing, and document cumulative MWh additions with an embedded planner.
Building electrification analyticsHow to Calculate Heat Pump Carbon Parity Year
Solve for the year when a heat pump beats a gas baseline by combining grid intensity trajectories, COP, and contract heating loads.
Carbon removal portfolio analyticsHow to Calculate Carbon Removal Delivery Confidence
Translate supplier reliability, diversification, and buffers into delivery probability, expected tonnes, and conservative floors.
Hydrogen production economicsHow to Calculate Levelized Cost of Hydrogen
Annualise CAPEX, incorporate operating spend, and reconcile incentives to express hydrogen project costs in USD per kilogram with an embedded calculator.
Industrial decarbonization analyticsHow to Calculate Green Steel Carbon Intensity
Blend Scope 1, Scope 2, and feedstock emissions, apply scrap credits, and validate steel plant disclosures with a structured workflow and calculator.
Grid-interactive building analyticsHow to Calculate Grid-Interactive Building Flexibility
Translate dispatchable shedding, load shifting, and automation readiness into a monthly flexibility index that aligns with grid-interactive program requirements.
AI sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate AI Model Water Footprint
Quantify on-site and upstream water attributable to AI workloads by combining IT energy, facility WUE, reclaimed water, and renewable procurement with an embedded calculator.
Data center embodied carbon analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Embodied Carbon Amortization
Allocate data center embodied emissions across their service life, express kg CO₂e intensity per MWh, and apportion tenant shares using a guided workflow and calculator.
Battery compliance analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Passport Carbon Intensity
Assemble supplier emissions, manufacturing energy, and recycling credits to report the kg CO₂e/kWh intensity mandated in battery passport filings using a step-by-step calculator.
Generative AI infrastructure analyticsHow to Calculate AI Inference GPU Memory Headroom
Quantify weight, activation, and KV cache footprints to keep transformer deployments within GPU memory limits using a headroom calculator.
Direct air capture energy analyticsHow to Calculate Direct Air Capture Regeneration Energy
Translate capture rates, sorbent thermodynamics, heat recovery, and auxiliary loads into daily regeneration energy demand with an embedded tool.
Carbon market risk analyticsHow to Calculate Carbon Credit Buffer Pool
Convert registry risk scores and contractual adders into buffer pool contributions, net sellable credits, and gross-to-net multipliers for carbon projects.
Hydrogen network operations analyticsHow to Calculate Hydrogen Pipeline Linepack Flexibility
Translate pipeline volume, pressure bands, and temperature into hydrogen inventory swing and MWh equivalents with an embedded calculator.
Privacy-safe marketing analyticsHow to Calculate Data Clean Room Overlap Reach
Quantify privacy-safe overlap reach, union reach, and optional conversions for collaborative marketing cohorts with an embedded calculator.
Energy storage safety analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Firewater Runoff Containment Volume
Size containment basins for battery facilities by combining suppression hydraulics, contaminant volumes, and contingency factors with an embedded calculator.
Generative AI operations analyticsHow to Calculate Generative AI Prompt Cache Efficiency
Translate cache hit telemetry, token volumes, and marginal costs into avoided spend and latency savings with an embedded calculator.
Renewable procurement analyticsHow to Calculate Virtual PPA Carbon Avoidance Cost
Convert VPPA strike and market prices plus avoided emissions into a defensible $/t CO₂e figure backed by audit-ready steps and a calculator.
Data center grid services analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Grid Flexibility Revenue
Estimate demand response capacity and energy payments for data centers with validation guidance and an embedded revenue calculator.
AI infrastructure sustainabilityHow to Calculate LLM Training Run Carbon Intensity
Quantify gross and net emissions for LLM training by combining GPU-hours, PUE, renewable procurement, and offsets with an embedded calculator.
Hydrogen storage engineeringHow to Calculate Hydrogen Cavern Cushion Gas Mass
Determine cushion gas, working inventory, and energy content for hydrogen salt caverns using void volume, pressure bounds, and temperature plus an embedded calculator.
Energy storage risk analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Degradation Reserve Requirement
Translate capacity retention targets, degradation forecasts, and augmentation pricing into a reserve fund and per-MWh accrual with an embedded calculator.
EV infrastructure analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Swapping Station Utilization
Translate swap lane throughput, operating windows, and downtime into utilisation, headroom, and expansion guidance with an embedded calculator.
Synthetic data quality analyticsHow to Calculate Synthetic Data Coverage Score
Blend scenario coverage, divergence alignment, and rare-case weighting into a reproducible synthetic data coverage score supported by an embedded calculator.
Controlled environment agriculture analyticsHow to Calculate Vertical Farm Daily Light Integral
Derive canopy daily light integral from PPFD, photoperiod, and loss modifiers while validating agronomy targets with an embedded calculator.
Thermal energy storage analyticsHow to Calculate Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Efficiency
Frame pumped thermal energy storage round-trip efficiency with explicit leakage, auxiliary losses, validation controls, and an embedded calculator for rapid scenario work.
Wind farm performance analyticsHow to Calculate Wind Farm Wake Loss Factor
Model wake-induced power deficits with the Jensen wake equations, structured validation guidance, and an embedded calculator for array layout decisions.
Carbon capture analyticsHow to Calculate Direct Air Capture Sorbent Productivity
Benchmark DAC media by turning capture rate, capacity factor, and derates into annual tonnes of CO₂ processed per tonne of sorbent with validation guidance and an embedded calculator.
Data center thermal analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Free Cooling Hours
Convert supply setpoints, approach assumptions, weather bin hours, and operational derates into defensible free cooling availability with validation guidance and an embedded calculator.
Carbon border compliance analyticsHow to Calculate EU CBAM Liability
Convert embedded emissions, transitional free allocation, and recognised foreign carbon prices into CBAM certificates and euro liability with audit-ready documentation.
Distributed energy market analyticsHow to Calculate Virtual Power Plant Flexibility Value
Combine aggregated capacity, event cadence, performance factors, and penalties to forecast VPP flexibility revenue with scenario workflows and an embedded calculator.
Data center resilience analyticsHow to Calculate UPS Battery Ride-Through Time
Translate UPS battery capacity, depth-of-discharge policies, efficiency, and derating into autonomy minutes backed by resilience validation steps and an embedded calculator.
Web performance analyticsHow to Calculate CDN Offload Rate
Align CDN and origin telemetry to compute request and byte offload, document cache policies, and embed a calculator for executive-ready reporting.
Data center thermal analyticsHow to Calculate Liquid Cooling Load Fraction
Quantify how much IT load liquid cooling captures, translate assumptions into facility demand, and validate hybrid deployments with an embedded calculator.
Finance & SaaS benchmarkingHow to Calculate Net Revenue Retention Driver Mix
Decompose net revenue retention into expansion, contraction, and churn drivers, reconcile with finance systems, and model target gaps with a calculator.
Cloud FinOps analyticsHow to Calculate Cloud Savings Plan Coverage Ratio
Model savings plan coverage, unused commitment exposure, and blended discounts so FinOps teams can right-size commitments with an embedded calculator.
HVAC electrification analyticsHow to Calculate Heat Pump Balance Point Temperature
Solve for the outdoor balance point by reconciling design loads, capacity degradation, and internal gains, then embed controls with a calculator.
Energy storage economicsHow to Calculate Battery Energy Arbitrage Gross Margin
Translate price spreads, round-trip efficiency, and variable operating costs into per-cycle and annual margins backed by an embedded calculator.
Corporate sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate Scope 1 Stationary Combustion Emissions
Translate fuel energy, emission factors, oxidation completeness, and biogenic shares into auditable Scope 1 stationary combustion CO₂e with an embedded calculator.
Information retrieval analyticsHow to Calculate RAG Recall at K
Evaluate retrieval-augmented generation coverage by deriving Recall@K, Precision@K, and Fβ with deterministic steps, dataset QA, and an embedded calculator.
Fleet electrification analyticsHow to Calculate EV Charger Diversity Factor
Quantify EV fleet simultaneity by reconciling nameplate sums, coincident demand, planning allowances, and spares with validation routines and an embedded calculator.
Corporate sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate Scope 3 Purchased Goods Emissions
Translate procurement spend, emission factors, and supplier abatements into Scope 3 Category 1 CO₂e with validation workflows and an embedded calculator.
Semiconductor manufacturing analyticsHow to Calculate Semiconductor Tool OEE
Build an auditable availability × performance × quality workflow for fab tools, complete with data governance guidance and an embedded OEE calculator.
HVAC electrification analyticsHow to Calculate Heat Pump Seasonal Performance Factor
Measure seasonal COP by aligning delivered heat, compressor draws, auxiliaries, and backup stages with defensible assumptions and an embedded calculator.
Cloud cost governance analyticsHow to Calculate Data Warehouse Query Cost Allocation
Allocate warehouse credits, cloud services fees, and concurrency overheads down to individual SQL queries with validation controls and an embedded calculator.
AI operations analyticsHow to Calculate GenAI P95 Latency Budget
Model GenAI prompt latency tails from observed medians and p99s, layer deterministic overheads, and benchmark P95 performance with an embedded calculator.
Aviation decarbonization analyticsHow to Calculate Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blend Emissions
Translate SAF blend ratios, lifecycle intensities, and non-CO2 multipliers into audit-ready avoided emissions with an embedded calculator.
Corporate sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate Market-Based Scope 2 Emissions
Reconcile contracted electricity, residual mixes, and grid losses to report market-based Scope 2 emissions with validation controls and an embedded calculator.
Crypto mining economicsHow to Calculate Bitcoin Mining Break-Even Power Price
Translate hash rate share, miner power draw, network competition, and BTC economics into an auditable break-even electricity tariff with validation steps and an embedded calculator.
Hydrogen production analyticsHow to Calculate Electrolyzer Capacity Factor
Translate metered energy, runtime, and auxiliary exclusions into an electrolyzer capacity factor with validation guidance and an embedded calculator.
Finance & SaaS benchmarkingHow to Calculate Gross Revenue Retention
Diagnose cohort durability by quantifying downgrades, churn, and recoveries with a documented GRR workflow and embedded calculator.
Quantitative reasoning techniquesHow to Calculate a Rule of Three Proportion
Derive the missing term in a direct proportion with variable definitions, governance guidance, and an embedded calculator for precision control.
Data center sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate Energy Reuse Effectiveness
Balance facility intake, IT energy, and credited reuse so you can quantify Energy Reuse Effectiveness with audit-ready documentation and an embedded calculator.
Data center capacity analyticsHow to Calculate Server Rack Power Density
Quantify kW per rack by combining metered IT load, rack inventories, redundancy margins, and utilisation policies with validation steps and an embedded calculator.
Energy storage performance analyticsHow to Calculate Battery Round-Trip Efficiency
Reconcile charge energy, discharge delivery, and auxiliary losses to report defensible round-trip efficiency with validation checks and an embedded calculator.
AI sustainability analyticsHow to Calculate LLM Inference Carbon Intensity
Trace metered power, workload throughput, and grid emissions factors to express grams of CO2e per 1,000 generated tokens with validation guidance and an embedded calculator.
Clinical anthropometry analyticsHow to Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) with Uncertainty
Calculate BMI with rigorous unit conversions, propagated measurement uncertainty, and WHO classification guidance for clinical audits.
Battery monitoring analyticsHow to Calculate Battery State of Charge (SOC)
Translate coulomb-counted amp-hours and temperature derating into a defensible SOC trace with validation checks and an embedded calculator.
Battery diagnosticsHow to Calculate Battery State of Health (SOH)
Translate laboratory capacity and resistance tests into a defensible state-of-health percentage, complete with validation techniques and an embedded calculator.
Hydrogen production analyticsHow to Calculate Electrolyzer Specific Energy Consumption
Measure electrolyzer efficiency by aligning power draw, runtime, hydrogen output, and auxiliary loads into a defensible SEC.
Corporate finance analyticsHow to Calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
Blend equity and debt financing assumptions into a defensible WACC complete with validation steps and an embedded calculator.
Building performance analyticsHow to Calculate Data Center Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE)
Meter make-up and reclaimed water, align IT energy boundaries, and compute liters per kilowatt-hour for defensible WUE benchmarking.
Building performance analyticsHow to Calculate Building Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
Normalise electricity, gas, and delivered heat into site EUI and metric intensity so you can benchmark building portfolios with defensible data.
Pharmaceutical stability analyticsHow to Calculate Mean Kinetic Temperature (MKT) for Pharmaceutical Stability
Transform temperature logger data and activation-energy assumptions into a single weighted temperature that defends cold-chain stability claims.
Energy storage economicsHow to Calculate the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS)
Discount capital, augmentation, and operating cash flows alongside degraded energy delivery to compute the true cost per MWh of storage output.
Finance & SaaS benchmarkingHow to Calculate the SaaS Rule of 40
Combine recurring revenue growth and profitability margins to benchmark subscription businesses against the Rule of 40 standard.
Machine learning operationsHow to Calculate GPU Training Time and Cost for LLM Fine-Tuning
Translate model architecture, dataset scale, and hardware efficiency into GPU-hour schedules and cloud budgets for enterprise-ready fine-tuning.
Finance fundamentalsHow to Calculate Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Follow a structured workflow for solving IRR by hand, with spreadsheets, and using CalcSimpler calculators so project comparisons stay consistent.
Ad monetisation analyticsHow to Calculate Weighted eCPM Across Ad Inventory
Blend ad requests, fill rates, and revenue-share adjustments to calculate the weighted eCPM that truly reflects your monetised inventory.